Showing Challenge

　　In the lecture, the professor made several points about______________. The professor argues that__________________.

　　However, the reading contends that________________.

　　The professor’s lecture casts doubts on the reading by using a number of points that are contrary to___________________________.

　　The first point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that_________________.

　　According to the professor,________________________________.

　　_______________ differs from the reading in that the reading states _______________________________.

　　The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading because_______________________.

　　Another point that the professor uses to casts doubt on the reading is ___________________________________.

　　The professor claims that______________________________________.

　　However, the reading states _____________________________________.

　　This point is contradicted by_____________________________________.

　　Finally, the professor stated that, on the contrary of the reading, _____________________________________.

　　In other words,______________________________________.

　　This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates, because___________________________.

　　In conclusion, the points made in the lecture contradict the reading.

　　_________________and_______________ demonstrate that ___________is in doubt.

　　Showing support

　　In the lecture, the professor made several points about_______________.

　　The professor argues that______________________________.

　　The points made by the professor agree with________________.

　　In fact, the examples used by the professor support_________________.

　　The first point that the professor uses to support the reading is that_______________________.

　　According to the professor,_____________________________.

　　_______________________supports the reading, which holds that_______________________.

　　The point made by the professor supports the reading because_____________________.

　　Furthermore, the professor bolsters the reading by stating that_______________.

　　The professor claims that_________________________________.

　　This point agrees with the reading, which contends that______________.

　　__________________ shows the truth of the reading because___________.

　　Finally, the professor stated that, in support of the reading, ______________________________.

　　Specifically,__________________________________________.

　　This perfectly reinforced what the reading passage indicates, because___________________________.

　　In conclusion, the points made in the lecture support the reading.

　　________________ and ________________________demonstrate that ________________________is invalid.

　　模板提炼法：

　　The first point the professor makes that casts doubt on the reading is his point about the behavior of stags. The professor shows how the actions of animal can be interpreted in different ways. For example, some people interpret the stag’s actions as being for the “good of the species,” but the professor shows that the stag is actually acting in self-interest. This casts doubt on the reading because it appears that the crickets’ behavior can be interpreted as helping only individual crickets and not the group as a whole. The professor then talks about the results of the experiment, which seems to indicate the crickets are acting only in self-interest.

　　Another point the professor makes that casts doubt on the reading is his point about the intelligence of animals and insects. As he states, it would seem to require a lot of intelligence to evaluate how a behavior will affect an entire species. This makes the explanation in the reading seem less likely; a cricket is probably unable to think of the consequences of its actions. It is more likely that the cricket is only acting out of self-preservation, as the professor indicates.

　　The first point the professor makes that casts doubt on the reading is his point about__________________________________.

　　The professor shows that_____________________________________.

　　For example, ______________________________, but the professor shows that_______________________________________.

　　This casts doubt on the reading because it appears that_________________________________.

　　The professor then talks about_________________________, which seems to indicate that___________________________.

　　Another point the professor makes that casts doubt on the reading is his point about__________________________________.

　　As he states, it would seem to___________________________.

　　This makes the explanation in the reading seem less likely;_____________________________________.

　　It is more likely that________________________, ad the professor indicates.

　　下面这篇是满分填空法的具体举例：文章来源于TOEFL官方指南

　　The lecturer talks about research conducted by a firm that used the group system to handle their work。 He says that the theory stated in the passage was very different and somewhat inaccurate when compared to what happened for real。

　　First， some members got free rides。 That is， some did not work hard but got recognition for the success nonetheless。 This also indicates that people who worked hard was not given recognition they should have got。 In others words， they were not given the opportunity to “shine”。 This directly contradicts what the passage indicates。

　　Second， groups were slow in progress。 The passage says that groups are more responsive than individuals because of the number of people involved and their aggregated resources。 However， the speaker talks about how the firm found out that groups were slower than individuals in decision making。 Groups needed more time for meetings， which are necessary procedures in decision making。 This was another part where experience contradicted theory。

　　Third， influential people might emerge， and lead the group towards glory or failure。 If the influent people are going in the right direction there would be no problem。 But in the cases where they go in the wrong direction， there is nobody that has enough influence to counter the decision made。 In other words， the group might turn out into a dictatorship， with the influential part as the leader， and might be less flexible in thinking。 They might become one-sided， and thus fail to succeed。

　　最后希望大家注意写完后的检查，不要让小错误再使你降低分数！

　　Post-writing Activities

　　1. Content and Organization：

　　1.1 Introduction：

　　a) Is there a general statement that “locates” the topic for the reader?

　　b) Is there background information that interests the reader?

　　c) Is there a thesis statement that interprets the topic and controls the entire essay?

　　d) Is there an organizer that gives the plan of the essay body? (not always necessary)

　　1.2 body paragraph：

　　a) Is there an opening transition that shows the ordering system (e.g., time, degree of importance, familiarity)?

　　b) Is there a controlling idea that controls the paragraph and supports the thesis?

　　c) Are there enough supporting points?

　　d) Is there sufficient detail?

　　e) Are the supporting points ordered (e.g., time, degree of importance, familiarity)?

　　f) Are signals used between various points within the paragraph?

　　1.3 conclusion：

　　a) Is it concerned to the final body paragraph (by a key word or idea or by a transition)?

　　b) Does it refer to the thesis statement?

　　c) Is there a summary related to the various body paragraphs?

　　d) Is there a statement of belief that advises, suggests, recommends, predicts, or offers a solution?

　　Not all English essays demonstrate all of the features listed above. Indeed many good English essays do not satisfy such formula. As a writer, you may decide when features such as those listed are important and when your message might be improved by being less direct. This list is provided to help you as learning writer.

　　2. Language use：

　　a) Are the sentence forms generally correct?

　　b) Does each subject noun have a verb, and are clauses joined by connecting words?

　　c) Do parallel structures use the same grammar forms for their content unites?

　　d) Do sentence topics/subject nouns relate to topics or comments of earlier sentences?

　　e) Are prepositions followed by nouns or noun phrases?

　　f) Is a comma used when an adverb phrases comes before a sentence base?

　　g) Is a comma used to separate a relative clause that describes from the sentence base?

　　h) Are verbs in the correct tenses?

　　i) Do nouns agree in number with their verbs?

　　j) Do singular third-person present tense verbs end in “S”?

　　k) Do nouns that require articles have them?

　　l) Is spelling generally correct?

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