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二 记清介词在不同语境下的含义
介词词义丰富，适用场合广泛。同时，汉英表达习惯上的差异，也会使选择介词出现思维上的差异。例如，汉语说“在……的帮助下”，英语则表达为“with the help of…”，这里的介词with不能换成under（在……下）。因此，在梳理介词时，不仅要掌握其最基本、最常见的用法，还要注意介词使用时，英汉语言存在的思维差异，并扩充认知领域，加深对介词的理解。
例一 Some people choose jobs for other reasons ____ money these days.
A. for B. except
C. besides D. with
答案C。考查介词的不同含义。besides“除了……还有（包含提到的）”， except“除了……（不包含提到的）”。对于介词的理解，要把握完整，不能简单地对应一个汉语意思。如果简单地把besides，except翻成汉语的“除了……”，那么在回答这样的问题时就会无所适从了。
例二 请回答两个题
1. You can’t wear a blue jacket _____that shirt—it’11 1ook terrible．
A．on B．above C．up D．over
2. They had a pleasant chat ________a cup of coffee．
A．for B．with C．during D．over
答案DD。第1题的over为“在……之上（覆盖）”；而第2题的over为“在……（一段）时间”。 值得注意的是：第1题的on和over似乎都有“在上面”，第2题的during和over都有“在……期间”的意思，不好区别。这就要求同学们在学习时，要深一步地理解和体会，也就是在解答时特别在括号里添加的注释，这样，才不至于陷到中文里面。
例三 请回答下面三个题
1．This is a junior school. You should go to a senior school _____girls of your age.
A. for B. about
C. from D. to
2．The manager suggested an earlier date ______ the meeting.
A. on B. for
C. about D. with
3．One evening in early April, my mother told me to fill in at the snack bar a worker who had the flu.
A. to B. for
C. after D. over
答案ABB。“为……”是我们熟知的for的词义。但在第2题中，for涉及时间安排，date for the meeting，或者the meeting for March 3，都会指特定的时间安排；而第3题的for则表示了“顶替”的含义。
例四 请回答下面四个题
1. He hesitated ______ before kicking the ball; otherwise he would have scored a goal.
A. for a moment
B. for the moment
C. at the moment
D. the moment
2. The money lost, I could not buy the dictionary _________.
A. for a moment
B. for the moment
C. at the moment
D. the moment
3. Although we hadn’t met for twenty years I recognized him _____ I saw him.
A. for a moment
B. for the moment
C. at the moment
D. the moment
4.Let’s set aside _______ the argument about the prices.
A. for a moment
B. for the moment
C. at the moment
D. the moment
答案ACDB。同样是名词moment，前面有不同的介词，就有不同的含义：for a moment一会儿；for the moment暂时；at the moment当时；the moment 一……就。这组词的记忆可以以介词为核心，加以区别。
例五 请回答下面五个题
1. It’s quite _____me why such things have been allowed to happen.
A. for B. behind
C. against D. beyond
2. This new model of car is so expensive that it is ____the reach of those with average incomes.
A. over B. within
C. beyond D. below
3. Sorry, Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s _____the visiting hours.
A. during B. at
C. beyond D. before
4. I am sorry it’s ________my power to make a final decision on the project．
A．over B．above
C．off D．beyond
（南开中学 段胜利）
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